This makes it easier to understand marine communities and their interactions, as well as help monitor threatened species more closely. In the Antarctic, the marine ecosystem is currently managed as a whole under an international agreement to conserve living resources. It is possible, but does depend on where we are in the world. Can we fish the ocean without depleting its riches? Scientists use this information to understand how they respond to pollution levels, and make predictions about future climate change. In large-scale experiments, plants and animals are exposed to carefully controlled atmospheres and different ecological conditions. Governments and citizens around the world are increasingly aware of the consequences of atmospheric pollution and climate change. Can we predict the ecological effects of pollution and climate change? For instance, heathland is a valued landscape that is fast disappearing throughout much of Western Europe, but studies have helped identify how to preserve its ecological characteristic. Maintaining a mosaic of habitats ensures the survival of a rich variety of species. Ecology provides the essential basis for nature conservation. Can we conserve a habitat and its biodiversity? It provides new knowledge of the interdependence between people and nature that is vital for food production, maintaining clean air and water, and sustaining biodiversity in a changing climate.
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